24-25

Persistent Slab Instability

Date
Activity
Skiing

Around 5" of fresh snow lay on top of the snowmobiles this morning in Cooke City. We rode up to Daisy Pass to visualize terrain and got eyes on Crown Butte. On the north side, we noted the crown of a wind slab avalanche (R1 D1) that broke during the storm cycle. We then rode back down and toured up Henderson Mountain along its SW flank. Skies cleared throughout the day and allowed for great visualization of terrain north of Cooke. We got eyes on Miller Ridge, Crown Butte, Henderson Bench, Scotch Bonnet and Sheep Mountain; we did not note any other avalanches outside of the small one up on Crown Butte. We saw extensive cross-loading in the bowl of Henderson Mountain and on Miller Ridge. 

We dug snowpits on SW and S aspects on Henderson. We noted buried facets a little over a foot deep on our pit on the SW and we got an unstable test result in our snowpit on the S aspect (ECTP 25) on a facet/melt freeze crust sandwich. 

Most notably, as we entered non wind-effected, upper-elevation terrain on Henderson, we consistently triggered many localized collapses and heard audible whumpfs, indicating persistent slab instability. 

Region
Cooke City
Location (from list)
Henderson Mountain
Observer Name
H. Darby

Skier caught and buried at Bridger

Bridger Bowl
Bridger Range
Code
SS-R3-D2-S
Aspect
E
Latitude
45.82310
Longitude
-110.92600
Notes

From Bridger Bowl: "On December 15th, 2024 at 12:09 p.m., a skier in open terrain was caught and buried by an avalanche in the Papa Bear region below Bridger Gully. The skier, who was with a partner, was buried just below the snow surface and was able to punch a hole up through the top of the snow. The skier's partner and other members of the skiing public responded quickly and were able to extricate the uninjured skier.

Although rare, inbounds avalanches may happen and are defined in the skier's responsibility code as an inherent risk of skiing, even within ski area boundaries. We share this as a reminder of the importance of skiing and riding with a partner, especially in deep snow conditions."

Notes about snowpack:

Slide was 8 inches deep, 450 feet wide, and broke within the storm snow 2 inches above the new snow/old snow interface. Trigger unknown.

The Alpine weather station received 2.5" snow = 0.2" SWE from 2200 on 12/14 to 0300 on 12/15, then intense snowfall from 0700 to 1200 added 7" and 1"SWE for a storm total of 9.5"=1.2"SWE over 14 hours as of noon.

Number of slides
1
Number caught
1
Number buried
1
Avalanche Type
Soft slab avalanche
R size
3
D size
2
Bed Surface
S - Avalanche released within new snow
Problem Type
Storm Slab
Slab Thickness
8.0 inches
Vertical Fall
600ft
Slab Width
450.00ft
Weak Layer Grain type
Precipitation Particles
Slab Layer Grain Type
Precipitation Particles
Snow Observation Source
Slab Thickness units
inches
Single / Multiple / Red Flag
Single Avalanche
Advisory Year

GNFAC Avalanche Forecast for Tue Dec 17, 2024

Snowpack and Avalanche Discussion

<p><span><span><span>Dangerous avalanche conditions exist across the advisory area. New and wind-drifted snow are loading weak layers buried 1-2 feet deep and human-triggered avalanches are likely. Reduce or eliminate exposure to slopes steeper than 30 degrees until the snowpack has time to adjust to recent snowfall. Traveling in and around avalanche terrain requires careful snowpack evaluation, cautious route-finding and conservative decision-making.</span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><strong>Three-Day Storm Totals: </strong></span></span></span></p>

<ul>
<li><span><span><span>Bridger Range, Cooke City, Island Park and Big Sky - 15-22” (1.3-2.0” SWE)</span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span>West Yellowstone, Taylor Fork and Hyalite Canyon - 8-12” (0.6-1.2” SWE)</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p><span><span><span><strong>Wind slab avalanches </strong>failing 1-3 feet deep are likely today. Avoid slopes with visual clues of recent drifting and commonly wind-loaded areas near ridgelines, below cornices and in gullies. Indicators of wind slab instability include recent avalanche activity, shooting cracks and a stiffening of the snow surface. Yesterday, my partner and I visited the site of a wind slab avalanche in Cooke City that broke 3 feet deep and 100 feet wide on Sunday as a group skied past (<a href="https://youtube.com/shorts/npOK4d94H50"><strong><span>video</span></str…;). Recent snow and wind had reloaded the slope, and it was ready to avalanche again. Expect a similar story throughout the advisory area. </span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span>On Sunday, riders in the West Yellowstone and Island Park areas reported <strong>persistent slab avalanches </strong>failing on buried weak layers near Two Top (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/32430"><strong><span>details and photos</span></strong></a>), and a group on Mount Blackmore triggered a large <em>whumphing </em>collapse (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/32443"><strong><span>details</span></s…;). Weak layers buried 1-2 feet deep exist across the forecast area (<a href="https://youtube.com/shorts/CdNOdERCQgc"><strong><span>Cooke City</span></strong></a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDsq1f-KVUg&amp;list=PLXu5151nmAvToI_ir… Ridge</span></strong></a><strong>, </strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCd4OIw-4IU&amp;list=PLXu5151nmAvToI_ir… Fork videos</span></strong></a>). Recent avalanche activity, whumphs, and shooting cracks are bullseye indicators of instability. </span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><strong>Notable Recent Avalanche Activity Since Sunday </strong>(all reported activity on<strong> </strong><a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/avalanche-activity"><strong><span>log</span…;)<strong>: </strong></span></span></span></p>

<ul>
<li><span><span><span>Many natural avalanches on Saddle Peak and in Argentina Bowl (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/32464"><strong><span>details</span></s…;) </span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span>Remotely triggered wind slab avalanche on Henderson (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/32441"><strong><span>details</span></s…;, <a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/32474"><strong><span>GNFAC ob</span></strong></a>)</span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span>Persistent slab avalanche near Island Park (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/32422"><strong><span>details</span></s…;) </span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span>Collapsing, cracking, and a remotely triggered storm snow avalanche in Beehive (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/32423"><strong><span>details</span></s…;, <a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/32438"><strong><span>details</span></s…;)</span></span></span></li>
<li><span><span><span>Skier triggered storm slab avalanche on The Throne (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/32444"><strong><span>details</span></s…;)</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p><span><span><span>Avalanche danger is CONSIDERABLE on all slopes.</span></span></span></p>

Upcoming Avalanche Education and Events

Our education calendar is full of awareness lectures and field courses. Check it out: Events and Education Calendar

Poor test scores on The Ramp at Bridger Bowl

Date
Activity
Skiing

Dug on a NE aspect on The Ramp at about 8500’. HS was around 100 cm but varied quite a bit. There’s a layer of very weak facets about 40cm down from the surface that are particularly concerning to me. The storm slab I observed yesterday is also still quite reactive, but the snowpack seems to still lack a significant slab on the aspects where I’ve been traveling. There was an abundant amount of cracking in the newer snow whenever traveling off a beaten path. In our pit, got results of CT3 SC and CT7 SC on the storm slab fracturing at the interface with sudden collapse character. The layer of facets farther down in the snowpack collapsed at CT10 SC. I also performed a PST on the weak layer of facets and the weak layer probated to end at 35/100 cm. 

Region
Bridger Range
Location (from list)
The Ramp
Observer Name
Eric Heiman

Many natural avalanches on Saddle Peak

Saddle Peak
Bridger Range
Code
SS-N-R3-D2-S
Elevation
8800
Aspect Range
N-NE-E-SE-S
Latitude
45.79430
Longitude
-110.93600
Notes

These avalanches were reported yesterday 12/15 by ski patrol who heard them run and saw debris around 1230. They broke naturally towards the end of a period of heavy snowfall that totaled 10"=1.22" SWE. Photos taken 12/16 at 1045-1100.

Number of slides
4
Number caught
0
Number buried
0
Avalanche Type
Soft slab avalanche
Trigger
Natural trigger
R size
3
D size
2
Bed Surface
S - Avalanche released within new snow
Problem Type
New Snow
Slab Thickness
10.0 inches
Vertical Fall
1500ft
Slab Width
1000.00ft
Snow Observation Source
Slab Thickness units
inches
Single / Multiple / Red Flag
Multiple Avalanches
Advisory Year